The term supervision in English is called controlling, which by Dale (in Winardi, 2000: 224) it is stated that: "... the modern concept of control ... Provides a historical record of what has happened ... and Provides date the enable the ... executive ... to take corrective steps ... ". This means that monitoring does not only look at something carefully and report the results of overseeing the activities, but also connotes repair and straighten it so as to achieve the goals in accordance with what was planned. More (in Winardi, 2000: 226) states that: "... there's many a slip between giving works, assignments to men and carrying them out. Get reports of what is being done, compare it with what ought to be done, and do something about it if the two are not the same ".
Thus supervision is essentially an act of comparing the results in reality (das sein) with the desired result (das sollen). This is because between the two is often deviations, then the task of supervision is to correct the deviations over.
Supervision is the fourth managerial functions after the planning, organizing, and directing. As one of the functions of management, oversight mechanisms within an organization is absolutely necessary. Implementation of a plan or program without being accompanied by a surveillance system that is good and sustainable, will obviously result in slow or even not achieving the goals and objectives that have been determined.
Understanding of supervision is very diverse and a lot of opinions of experts who put forward, however, in principle, all of the opinion raised by the experts is the same, that is the act of comparing the results in reality (das sein) with the desired result (das sollen), which done in order to correct the deviations that occur in management activities. Here are some notion of the supervision of the experts:
Mockler (in Certo and Certo, 2006: 480) mentions supervision as: Controlling is a systematic effort by business management to compare performance to predetermined standards, plans, or objectives to Determine Whether the performance is in line with theses standards and presumably to take any remedial action required to see that human and other corporate resources are being used in the most effective and efficient way possible in Achieving corporate objectives.
The concept of surveillance of Mockler above, emphasis on three things, namely (1) must plan, standards or goals as benchmarks to be achieved, (2) the process of implementation of the work to achieve the desired goal, (3) the attempt to compare the what has been achieved with the standard, plans, or goals set, and (4) take corrective action as necessary. Thus the concept of supervision of Mockler is seen that there are activities that need to be planned in the form of benchmark criteria, norms and standards, then compared, which require corrections or improvements.
It also expressed by Admosudirdjo (in Febriani, 2005: 11) which says that: In essence, controlling or monitoring is a whole rather than activities that compare or measure what is or has been carried out with criteria, norms, standards or plans has been designated.
While Mockler (quoted Stoner & Freeman in Wilhelmus and Molan 1994: 241) says that: Control is a systematic effort to set performance standards with planning goals, designing the feed system? Behind the information, comparing actual performance with the standards first defined it, determine whether there are irregularities and measure the significance of the deviation, and take the necessary corrective actions to ensure that all the company's resources are being used wherever possible in a way that is most effective and efficient in order to achieve corporate goals.
Siagian (1990: 107) states that the definition of supervision is: "The process of observation rather than the implementation of all activities of the organization to ensure that all work is being done goes according to the plan that had been predetermined." The most important feature of the concept raised by siagian this is that supervision can only be applied for the jobs that are running and can not be applied for the jobs that have been completed.
Terry (in Winardi, 1986: 395) also argued about the meaning of this oversight, he said that: Oversight means determiner what is being implemented, meaning evaluating work performance and if necessary apply corrective measures so that the results of the work in accordance with the plans. So supervision can be regarded as an activity for finding and correcting deviations important in the outcome of the activities planned.
Koontz, et. al. (In Hutauruk, 1986: 195) states that: "Control is to measure and correct the work performance of subordinates to ensure that the objectives of the organization at all levels and plans designed to achieve, being implemented".
Sujamto (quoted Silalahi, 2002: 177) is firmly say: Control is any business or activity to ensure and directed that the work being carried out can be run in accordance with the predetermined plan and or the desired result and be in compliance with all rules and policies apply.
While the Institute of Public Administration (1996: 159) reveals that: Oversight is one of the organic function of management, which is the process of leadership to ensure and guarantee that the aims and objectives and tasks of the organization will be and have been performing well according to plan, policy, instruction, and provisions have been established and accepted. Supervision as a management function fully is the responsibility of every leader at any level. The essence of supervision is to prevent the occurrence of irregularities as early as possible, waste, fraud, obstacles, errors and failures in achieving the aims and objectives and the implementation of organizational tasks.
Based on the opinion of LAN above, it appears that the subject of the oversight is leadership. The same thing was also confirmed by Koontz, et. al. (In Hutauruk, 1986: 195) that: "The control function must be implemented by each manager, from director to supervisor".
While Sarwoto (in Febriani, 2005: 12) says: "Monitoring is an activity manager who arranged for the works accomplished in accordance with the established plan and or the desired result". From this Sarwoto opinion implicitly visible purpose of supervision is try to get the jobs done in accordance with the plan. All work is work that is being referred to in the implementation and not the jobs that have been completed.
In connection with the sense of control as a process as disclosed by LAN on top, Sukarno (in Situmorang and Juhir, 1994: 20) states that: "Monitoring is a process that determines what to do, so that what is done in line with the plan". Certo (in Maman Ukas, 2004: 337) says that: "Controlling is the process managers go trough to control". While Maman Ukas (2004: 337) states that:
Supervision is a process activity undertaken to monitor, measure and if necessary impose upon execution of the work so that what has been planned to be implemented in accordance with the desired objectives
The same thing was stated by Manullang (1977: 136) that: "Supervision is a process to establish what work has been carried out, vote and correct if necessary with the intention that the implementation of the work in accordance with the original plan." In essence, the views Manullang above also stressed that supervision is a process in which the work is carried out and then assess whether in accordance with a predetermined plan or deviations, and not only to the discovery of irregularities but also how to take measures changes and improvements so that the organization remains in a healthy condition.
Based on the understanding of experts on supervision as to which was described above, it can be concluded that the definition of control is as a process of leadership systematically to compare (make sure and guarantee) that the aims and objectives and tasks of the organization to be and well implemented in accordance with the standard, plans, policies, instructions and provisions that have been established and accepted, and to take the necessary corrective action, for utilization of human and other resources that are most effective and efficient in achieving corporate goals
Thus supervision is essentially an act of comparing the results in reality (das sein) with the desired result (das sollen). This is because between the two is often deviations, then the task of supervision is to correct the deviations over.
Supervision is the fourth managerial functions after the planning, organizing, and directing. As one of the functions of management, oversight mechanisms within an organization is absolutely necessary. Implementation of a plan or program without being accompanied by a surveillance system that is good and sustainable, will obviously result in slow or even not achieving the goals and objectives that have been determined.
Understanding of supervision is very diverse and a lot of opinions of experts who put forward, however, in principle, all of the opinion raised by the experts is the same, that is the act of comparing the results in reality (das sein) with the desired result (das sollen), which done in order to correct the deviations that occur in management activities. Here are some notion of the supervision of the experts:
Mockler (in Certo and Certo, 2006: 480) mentions supervision as: Controlling is a systematic effort by business management to compare performance to predetermined standards, plans, or objectives to Determine Whether the performance is in line with theses standards and presumably to take any remedial action required to see that human and other corporate resources are being used in the most effective and efficient way possible in Achieving corporate objectives.
The concept of surveillance of Mockler above, emphasis on three things, namely (1) must plan, standards or goals as benchmarks to be achieved, (2) the process of implementation of the work to achieve the desired goal, (3) the attempt to compare the what has been achieved with the standard, plans, or goals set, and (4) take corrective action as necessary. Thus the concept of supervision of Mockler is seen that there are activities that need to be planned in the form of benchmark criteria, norms and standards, then compared, which require corrections or improvements.
It also expressed by Admosudirdjo (in Febriani, 2005: 11) which says that: In essence, controlling or monitoring is a whole rather than activities that compare or measure what is or has been carried out with criteria, norms, standards or plans has been designated.
While Mockler (quoted Stoner & Freeman in Wilhelmus and Molan 1994: 241) says that: Control is a systematic effort to set performance standards with planning goals, designing the feed system? Behind the information, comparing actual performance with the standards first defined it, determine whether there are irregularities and measure the significance of the deviation, and take the necessary corrective actions to ensure that all the company's resources are being used wherever possible in a way that is most effective and efficient in order to achieve corporate goals.
Siagian (1990: 107) states that the definition of supervision is: "The process of observation rather than the implementation of all activities of the organization to ensure that all work is being done goes according to the plan that had been predetermined." The most important feature of the concept raised by siagian this is that supervision can only be applied for the jobs that are running and can not be applied for the jobs that have been completed.
Terry (in Winardi, 1986: 395) also argued about the meaning of this oversight, he said that: Oversight means determiner what is being implemented, meaning evaluating work performance and if necessary apply corrective measures so that the results of the work in accordance with the plans. So supervision can be regarded as an activity for finding and correcting deviations important in the outcome of the activities planned.
Koontz, et. al. (In Hutauruk, 1986: 195) states that: "Control is to measure and correct the work performance of subordinates to ensure that the objectives of the organization at all levels and plans designed to achieve, being implemented".
Sujamto (quoted Silalahi, 2002: 177) is firmly say: Control is any business or activity to ensure and directed that the work being carried out can be run in accordance with the predetermined plan and or the desired result and be in compliance with all rules and policies apply.
While the Institute of Public Administration (1996: 159) reveals that: Oversight is one of the organic function of management, which is the process of leadership to ensure and guarantee that the aims and objectives and tasks of the organization will be and have been performing well according to plan, policy, instruction, and provisions have been established and accepted. Supervision as a management function fully is the responsibility of every leader at any level. The essence of supervision is to prevent the occurrence of irregularities as early as possible, waste, fraud, obstacles, errors and failures in achieving the aims and objectives and the implementation of organizational tasks.
Based on the opinion of LAN above, it appears that the subject of the oversight is leadership. The same thing was also confirmed by Koontz, et. al. (In Hutauruk, 1986: 195) that: "The control function must be implemented by each manager, from director to supervisor".
While Sarwoto (in Febriani, 2005: 12) says: "Monitoring is an activity manager who arranged for the works accomplished in accordance with the established plan and or the desired result". From this Sarwoto opinion implicitly visible purpose of supervision is try to get the jobs done in accordance with the plan. All work is work that is being referred to in the implementation and not the jobs that have been completed.
In connection with the sense of control as a process as disclosed by LAN on top, Sukarno (in Situmorang and Juhir, 1994: 20) states that: "Monitoring is a process that determines what to do, so that what is done in line with the plan". Certo (in Maman Ukas, 2004: 337) says that: "Controlling is the process managers go trough to control". While Maman Ukas (2004: 337) states that:
Supervision is a process activity undertaken to monitor, measure and if necessary impose upon execution of the work so that what has been planned to be implemented in accordance with the desired objectives
The same thing was stated by Manullang (1977: 136) that: "Supervision is a process to establish what work has been carried out, vote and correct if necessary with the intention that the implementation of the work in accordance with the original plan." In essence, the views Manullang above also stressed that supervision is a process in which the work is carried out and then assess whether in accordance with a predetermined plan or deviations, and not only to the discovery of irregularities but also how to take measures changes and improvements so that the organization remains in a healthy condition.
Based on the understanding of experts on supervision as to which was described above, it can be concluded that the definition of control is as a process of leadership systematically to compare (make sure and guarantee) that the aims and objectives and tasks of the organization to be and well implemented in accordance with the standard, plans, policies, instructions and provisions that have been established and accepted, and to take the necessary corrective action, for utilization of human and other resources that are most effective and efficient in achieving corporate goals
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