Supervision is the process in setting performance measures and taking actions that can support the achievement of the expected results in accordance with the set performance. Controlling is the process of measuring performance and taking action to Ensure desired results.
Supervision is the process of ensuring that all activities are carried out in accordance with what has been planned. The process of ensuring that actual activities conform to the planned activities
According Winardi "Surveillance is all the activities carried out by the managers in an effort to make sure that the actual results correspond to planned results". Meanwhile, according to Basu Private "Oversight is a function that ensures that activities can provide desired results".
Meanwhile, according to Komaruddin "Supervision is related to the ratio between the actual implementers, plans, and initial activities. Supervision is required for corrective measures against irregularities and plan meaningful ".
Supervision is an effort that systematic set of performance standards on planning to system design information feedback, to compare actual performance with the prescribed standards, to establish whether there has been a deviation, as well as to take the necessary corrective action to ensure that all sources power companies or governments have been used as effectively and efficiently as possible in order to achieve the objectives of the company or the government.
From the opinions of the above it can be deduced that the monitoring is important in running a plan. With the supervision of the plan is expected by the management can be met and runs well.
Supervision is basically geared entirely to avoid the possibility of fraud or irregularities on the objectives to be achieved. through surveillance is expected to help implement the policies that have been established to achieve the objectives that have been planned effectively and efficiently. In fact, through oversight created an activity that is closely related to the determination or evaluation of the extent of implementation of the work already carried out. Supervision is also able to detect the extent of the leadership of the run and the extent of such irregularities that occurred in the execution of the work.
Concepts such surveillance actually shows that supervision is part of the management function, which is considered a form inspection supervision or control of the party over the top to the underneath. "In the science of management, control is placed as the last stage of the management function. In terms of managerial, supervisory implies well as:
"Observations on the implementation of all activities of the organizational unit that is checked to ensure that all work being carried out in accordance with the plans and regulations."
or
"An attempt that a work can be carried out in accordance with a predetermined plan, and the lack of oversight can minimize the occurrence of problems, whereas barriers that have occurred can be immediately known which can then be carried out corrective actions."
Meanwhile, in terms of administrative law, surveillance is defined as
"The process of comparing what was executed, implemented, or held it with what was intended, planned, or ordered."
The results of this monitoring shall be able to demonstrate to what extent there is a match and mismatch and find the causes of discrepancies arise. In the context of building management of public administration which is characterized by good governance (good governance), supervision is an important aspect to keep the government running properly function. In this context, monitoring becomes as important as the implementation of good governance itself.
In relation to public accountability, oversight is one way to build and maintain the legitimacy of the citizens against the government's performance by creating an effective monitoring system, better internal control (internal control) as well as external control (external control). In addition to encouraging their community supervision (social control).
Target surveillance is finding that the deviation of the plan or the target. Meanwhile, the actions that can be done is:
a. direct or recommend improvements;
b. suggested that reduced their waste;
c. optimizing the work to achieve plan targets
Basically, there are several types of monitoring can be carried out, namely:
1. Control of Internal and External
Internal control is supervision carried out by persons or entities that exist within the organizational unit concerned. "Supervision in the form of this can be done by monitoring their immediate supervisor or supervisory embedded (built-in control) or the monitoring is done routinely by the general inspectorate on each ministry and inspectorate region for every region in Indonesia, by placing it under the supervision of the Interior Ministry.
External oversight is an examination conducted by a monitoring unit that is outside the organizational unit supervised. In this case in Indonesia is the Supreme Audit Agency (BPK), which is a high state institution that apart from the influence of any power. In doing so, the CPC does not ignore the results of the inspection report internal control apparatus of government, so it is appropriate between the two needs to be realized in the process of harmonization of state financial oversight. Thus harmonization process does not reduce the independence of the CPC to impartially and objectively assess government activities
2. Supervision of Preventive and Repressive
Preventive supervision intended more as an "oversight conducted on an activity before the activity was carried out, so as to prevent the occurrence of irregularities." Normally, this oversight is done by the government in order to avoid any irregularities implementation of state finances that will charge and cost the country more. On the other hand, is also intended to control budget execution system can run as desired. Preventive supervision would be more useful and meaningful if performed by a direct supervisor, so that irregularities are likely to do will be detected early.
On the other hand, the repressive supervision is "monitoring conducted on an activity after the activity is undertaken." Control of this model is typically done at the end of the fiscal year, in which the pre-determined budget and then submitted his report. Afterwards, examination and oversight to determine the possibility of irregularities
3. Monitoring of Active and Passive
Close supervision of (active) is done as a form of "supervision conducted in the activities concerned." It's different with the supervision of remote (passive) providing oversight through "research and testing of the letters accountability accompanied by evidence of receipt and spending."
On the other hand, supervision by inspection of the truth of formal according to rights (rechmatigheid) is "an examination of the expenditure is in accordance with the regulations, does not expire, and the right was proven true." Meanwhile, the right based on the examination of truth material about the purpose expenditures (doelmatigheid) is "examination of whether the spending has fulfilled the principle of economy, namely the expenditure required and the costs as low as possible."
4. Control of formal correctness under the right (rechtimatigheid) and examination of material truth about the purpose expenditures (doelmatigheid).
In relation to the state administration, supervision intended to prevent "corruption, fraud, and waste the state budget that focused on personnel or civil servants." With the exercise of the oversight and management accountability expected budget and state policies capable of running as planned
Supervision is the process of ensuring that all activities are carried out in accordance with what has been planned. The process of ensuring that actual activities conform to the planned activities
According Winardi "Surveillance is all the activities carried out by the managers in an effort to make sure that the actual results correspond to planned results". Meanwhile, according to Basu Private "Oversight is a function that ensures that activities can provide desired results".
Meanwhile, according to Komaruddin "Supervision is related to the ratio between the actual implementers, plans, and initial activities. Supervision is required for corrective measures against irregularities and plan meaningful ".
Supervision is an effort that systematic set of performance standards on planning to system design information feedback, to compare actual performance with the prescribed standards, to establish whether there has been a deviation, as well as to take the necessary corrective action to ensure that all sources power companies or governments have been used as effectively and efficiently as possible in order to achieve the objectives of the company or the government.
From the opinions of the above it can be deduced that the monitoring is important in running a plan. With the supervision of the plan is expected by the management can be met and runs well.
Supervision is basically geared entirely to avoid the possibility of fraud or irregularities on the objectives to be achieved. through surveillance is expected to help implement the policies that have been established to achieve the objectives that have been planned effectively and efficiently. In fact, through oversight created an activity that is closely related to the determination or evaluation of the extent of implementation of the work already carried out. Supervision is also able to detect the extent of the leadership of the run and the extent of such irregularities that occurred in the execution of the work.
Concepts such surveillance actually shows that supervision is part of the management function, which is considered a form inspection supervision or control of the party over the top to the underneath. "In the science of management, control is placed as the last stage of the management function. In terms of managerial, supervisory implies well as:
"Observations on the implementation of all activities of the organizational unit that is checked to ensure that all work being carried out in accordance with the plans and regulations."
or
"An attempt that a work can be carried out in accordance with a predetermined plan, and the lack of oversight can minimize the occurrence of problems, whereas barriers that have occurred can be immediately known which can then be carried out corrective actions."
Meanwhile, in terms of administrative law, surveillance is defined as
"The process of comparing what was executed, implemented, or held it with what was intended, planned, or ordered."
The results of this monitoring shall be able to demonstrate to what extent there is a match and mismatch and find the causes of discrepancies arise. In the context of building management of public administration which is characterized by good governance (good governance), supervision is an important aspect to keep the government running properly function. In this context, monitoring becomes as important as the implementation of good governance itself.
In relation to public accountability, oversight is one way to build and maintain the legitimacy of the citizens against the government's performance by creating an effective monitoring system, better internal control (internal control) as well as external control (external control). In addition to encouraging their community supervision (social control).
Target surveillance is finding that the deviation of the plan or the target. Meanwhile, the actions that can be done is:
a. direct or recommend improvements;
b. suggested that reduced their waste;
c. optimizing the work to achieve plan targets
Basically, there are several types of monitoring can be carried out, namely:
1. Control of Internal and External
Internal control is supervision carried out by persons or entities that exist within the organizational unit concerned. "Supervision in the form of this can be done by monitoring their immediate supervisor or supervisory embedded (built-in control) or the monitoring is done routinely by the general inspectorate on each ministry and inspectorate region for every region in Indonesia, by placing it under the supervision of the Interior Ministry.
External oversight is an examination conducted by a monitoring unit that is outside the organizational unit supervised. In this case in Indonesia is the Supreme Audit Agency (BPK), which is a high state institution that apart from the influence of any power. In doing so, the CPC does not ignore the results of the inspection report internal control apparatus of government, so it is appropriate between the two needs to be realized in the process of harmonization of state financial oversight. Thus harmonization process does not reduce the independence of the CPC to impartially and objectively assess government activities
2. Supervision of Preventive and Repressive
Preventive supervision intended more as an "oversight conducted on an activity before the activity was carried out, so as to prevent the occurrence of irregularities." Normally, this oversight is done by the government in order to avoid any irregularities implementation of state finances that will charge and cost the country more. On the other hand, is also intended to control budget execution system can run as desired. Preventive supervision would be more useful and meaningful if performed by a direct supervisor, so that irregularities are likely to do will be detected early.
On the other hand, the repressive supervision is "monitoring conducted on an activity after the activity is undertaken." Control of this model is typically done at the end of the fiscal year, in which the pre-determined budget and then submitted his report. Afterwards, examination and oversight to determine the possibility of irregularities
3. Monitoring of Active and Passive
Close supervision of (active) is done as a form of "supervision conducted in the activities concerned." It's different with the supervision of remote (passive) providing oversight through "research and testing of the letters accountability accompanied by evidence of receipt and spending."
On the other hand, supervision by inspection of the truth of formal according to rights (rechmatigheid) is "an examination of the expenditure is in accordance with the regulations, does not expire, and the right was proven true." Meanwhile, the right based on the examination of truth material about the purpose expenditures (doelmatigheid) is "examination of whether the spending has fulfilled the principle of economy, namely the expenditure required and the costs as low as possible."
4. Control of formal correctness under the right (rechtimatigheid) and examination of material truth about the purpose expenditures (doelmatigheid).
In relation to the state administration, supervision intended to prevent "corruption, fraud, and waste the state budget that focused on personnel or civil servants." With the exercise of the oversight and management accountability expected budget and state policies capable of running as planned
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